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# 案例 11a：数量超出容差（正向超差被拒绝），单价在容差范围内

## 场景：

发票上的数量超出可接受范围（正向超差）并被拒绝，但单价在容差范围内。

## 操作：

系统将数量调整为已批准的水平，同时保持单价不变，并处理该交易。超出的数量将被拒绝且不会开票。

## 示例：

* **采购订单 (PO)：**
  * 数量：100 件
  * 单价：每件 $8.00
  * 总金额：$800.00
* **收到的发票：**
  * 数量：110 件（超出 10% 的容差范围，被拒绝）
  * 单价：每件 $8.00（在容差范围内）
  * 总金额：$880.00
* **容差级别：**
  * 数量容差：±5%
  * 单价容差：±2%

由于数量（110 件）超出可接受的容差限值（正向偏差 10%）且未获批准，而单价（$8.00）在容差范围内，系统将：

1. \*\*拒绝超出部分：\*\*系统拒绝超出已批准容差级别的数量。
2. \*\*调整数量：\*\*系统将数量调整为采购订单中指定的已批准数量。
   * 已批准数量 = 100 件（来自 PO）
3. \*\*保持单价不变：\*\*每件 $8.00 的单价在容差范围内，因此保持不变。
4. \*\*重新计算总金额：\*\*系统使用已批准的数量和接受的单价计算总金额：
   * **总金额 = 已批准数量 × 单价**
   * **总金额 = 100 件 × 每件 $8.00 = $800.00**
5. \*\*处理发票：\*\*系统按调整后的总金额 $800.00 处理发票，仅反映已批准的数量和单价。超出的 10 件数量将被拒绝且不会开票。

即使供应商尝试对超出部分开票，这种方式也能确保发票金额符合采购订单中约定的条款。


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